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Fagopyrum esculentum
Common Buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentum
Buckwheat is a fast-growing annual plant cultivated for its seeds, which are used similarly to grains. It has heart-shaped leaves and small, white or pinkish flowers. It's not related to wheat and is gluten-free. Buckwheat is known for its rapid growth, making it a good cover crop or a quick harvest for its seeds. The seeds are used to make flour, noodles (soba), and groats.
CategoryDetails
Culinary UsageEdible plant
Duration to maturity3 months to harvest
Estimated Plant Lifespan3 months lifespan
Sun Requirements6+ hours direct sunlight (Full Sun)
Pollination

Method: Animal

Notes: Bees and other pollinators are essential for buckwheat pollination and seed production. Ensure the plants are accessible to pollinators to maximize yield.

Watering Requirements

Method: Top watering

Frequency: Water regularly, especially during dry periods and when the plants are flowering and setting seeds. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.

Notes: Buckwheat prefers consistent moisture, but it doesn't tolerate waterlogged soil.

Humidity Requirements

Level: Moderate

Maintenance: No specific methods needed for average garden conditions.

Cleaning RequirementsBuckwheat requires minimal care. However, weeding regularly is important to prevent competition from weeds. Avoid over-fertilizing, as buckwheat doesn't need much added nutrients. Provide support if the plants grow too tall and start to flop over.
Temperature Range

Min: 10°C

Max: 35°C

Alternative NamesFagopyrum sagittatum, Buckwheat, Polygonum fagopyrum
Trifolium repens
white clover
Trifolium repens
White clover acts as a living mulch, suppressing weeds and fixing nitrogen in the soil, benefiting buckwheat.
Calendula officinalis
pot marigold
Calendula officinalis
Calendula attracts beneficial insects like pollinators and predatory insects that can help control pests, promoting overall plant health.
Chenopodium album
Common Lambsquarters
Chenopodium album

Lamb's Quarters is a fast-growing weed that can quickly outcompete buckwheat for nutrients, water, and sunlight, reducing the yield.

Amaranthus retroflexus
Redroot Amaranth
Amaranthus retroflexus

Redroot pigweed is another aggressive weed that can outgrow buckwheat and deplete soil resources, leading to reduced buckwheat yields.

Aphids

Small, sap-sucking insects that cluster on stems and undersides of leaves, causing yellowing and stunted growth. They can also transmit plant viruses.

Japanese Beetles

Metallic green beetles that feed on leaves, flowers, and seeds, skeletonizing the leaves and reducing yield. They can cause significant defoliation if present in large numbers.

Steps:

    • Prepare the soil by tilling and removing weeds.
    • Sow seeds directly into the soil in spring after the last frost, or in late summer for a fall harvest.
    • Plant seeds about 1 inch deep and 4-6 inches apart.
    • Water the seeds thoroughly after planting.
    • Thin seedlings if necessary, to maintain spacing.

Neem Oil

Effective for controlling aphids and other common pests; it's a natural insecticide and fungicide.

Beneficial Insectary Mix

Attracts predatory insects that naturally control aphids and other pests.