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Bursera microphylla
elephant tree
Bursera microphylla
Bursera microphylla, commonly known as the Elephant Tree, is a unique and striking succulent shrub or small tree native to the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is easily recognized by its thick, fleshy, and often contorted trunk and branches, which have a smooth, peeling bark that ranges in color from gray to reddish-brown. The plant produces small, fragrant white flowers, followed by small, red, edible fruits. The Elephant Tree is well-adapted to arid conditions and is known for its resilience and ability to store water in its trunk. It also has a distinctive, resinous aroma, especially noticeable when the bark is cut or broken. The plant can grow up to 20 feet tall.
CategoryDetails
Plant TypePerennial plant
Estimated Plant Lifespan50 years lifespan
Sun Requirements6+ hours direct sunlight (Full Sun)
Pollination

Method: Animal

Notes: Pollination is primarily done by insects, particularly bees.

Watering Requirements

Method: Deep watering

Frequency: Infrequently, allowing soil to dry out completely between waterings.

Notes: Overwatering is a common problem. Water deeply but infrequently. Reduce watering in winter.

Humidity Requirements

Level: Low

Maintenance: Avoid humid environments; ensure good air circulation.

Care InstructionsAvoid overwatering and ensure well-draining soil. Protect from frost, especially when young. Prune lightly to maintain shape or remove dead branches. Be careful when handling, the sap may cause skin irritation.
Temperature Range

Max: 40°C

Alternative Nameslittleleaf elephant tree
Fouquieria splendens
ocotillo
Fouquieria splendens
Ocotillo thrives in similar arid conditions and provides a contrasting vertical element, complementing the Elephant Tree's sculptural form. Their shared need for well-draining soil and full sun makes them ideal companions.
Larrea tridentata
Creosote Bush
Larrea tridentata
Creosote Bush is another desert-adapted plant that shares the Elephant Tree's tolerance for drought and well-drained soil. It can provide a backdrop for the Elephant Tree and help to stabilize the soil.
Neltuma velutina
velvet mesquite
Neltuma velutina

Velvet Mesquite can outcompete the Elephant Tree for resources due to its aggressive growth and extensive root system, especially in areas with more available water.

Scale insects

Scale insects can infest the Elephant Tree, causing yellowing leaves and stunted growth. They appear as small, waxy bumps on stems and leaves. Infestations can weaken the plant.

Spider mites

Spider mites can infest the Elephant Tree, causing yellowing or bronzing of leaves and fine webbing. They thrive in dry conditions and can weaken the plant if left untreated.

Steps:

    • For cuttings, take softwood cuttings in spring or early summer.
    • Allow cuttings to callus over for a few days.
    • Plant cuttings in a well-draining potting mix.
    • Keep the soil lightly moist until roots develop.
    • For seeds, sow seeds in a well-draining potting mix.
    • Keep the soil lightly moist until germination.
    • Provide full sun or bright light for seedlings.

Neem oil

Can be used to control scale insects and spider mites.

Insecticidal soap

Effective against scale insects and spider mites.

Well-draining potting mix

Essential for the Elephant Tree's health, as it requires well-drained soil to prevent root rot.