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Actaea racemosa
black cohosh
Actaea racemosa
Actaea racemosa, commonly known as Black Cohosh, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. It is characterized by its tall, wand-like flower spikes and large, compound leaves. The plant typically grows in moist, woodland environments and is known for its medicinal properties, particularly for women's health. It can reach heights of up to 8 feet, with fragrant white flowers that bloom in late summer or early fall. The plant's rhizomes (underground stems) are the primary source of its medicinal compounds.
CategoryDetails
Plant TypePerennial plant
Medicinal UsageMedicinal Usage
Estimated Plant Lifespan5 years lifespan
ToxicityToxic to: Dogs, Cats
Sun Requirements2-4 hours direct sunlight (Partial Shade)
Pollination

Method: Animal

Notes: Black Cohosh is pollinated by insects, particularly bees. It can be manually pollinated for increased seed production.

Watering Requirements

Method: Top water

Frequency: Keep soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods.

Notes: Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage.

Humidity Requirements

Level: Moderate

Maintenance: Maintain humidity by mulching the soil, and providing shade.

Cleaning RequirementsProvide consistent moisture, especially during dry spells. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Cut back the foliage in the late fall after it has died back naturally. Avoid disturbing the roots.
Temperature Range

Min: -20°C

Max: 30°C

Alternative NamesCimicifuga racemosa, Black Bugbane
Polystichum acrostichoides
Christmas fern
Polystichum acrostichoides
Christmas ferns provide attractive ground cover and shade, creating a favorable microclimate for black cohosh by retaining moisture in the soil.
Acer negundo
box elder
Acer negundo

Boxelder is a fast-growing tree that can quickly overshade and deplete soil nutrients, outcompeting black cohosh for resources.

Impatiens capensis
common jewelweed
Impatiens capensis

Spotted Jewelweed is a fast-growing annual that can quickly dominate the understory, potentially overwhelming the slower growth of black cohosh.

Spider Mites

Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on plant sap, causing stippling and yellowing of the leaves. Severe infestations can lead to leaf drop and stunted growth.

Aphids

Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from plants. They can cause distorted growth and transmit plant viruses.

Steps:

    • Divide established clumps in early spring or fall.
    • Gently separate the rhizomes, ensuring each division has healthy roots and buds.
    • Replant the divisions in moist, well-draining soil.
    • For seed propagation, collect seeds from the mature seed pods in the fall.
    • Sow seeds in a cold frame or directly in the garden in fall or early spring.
    • Keep the soil consistently moist until germination.

Neem Oil

Neem Oil can be used to control spider mites and aphids, acting as a natural insecticide.

Compost

Adding compost enriches the soil, improves drainage, and provides nutrients for healthy growth.